Ansible Vault is a powerful feature within the Ansible automation framework that allows users to encrypt sensitive data, ensuring secure management of confidential information within playbooks and roles. This tool is essential for maintaining the security of your automation processes, especially when dealing with sensitive data such as passwords, API keys, or other confidential information.
Creating an Encrypted File
The primary command for creating an encrypted file using Ansible Vault is:
ansible-vault create filename.yaml
This command initiates the process of creating a new encrypted file named “filename.yaml”. When you execute this command, Ansible Vault will prompt you to enter and confirm a password. This password will be required whenever you need to view or edit the contents of the encrypted file.
Working with Encrypted Files
Once you’ve created an encrypted file, you can perform various operations on it:
Editing an Encrypted File To edit an existing encrypted file, use the following command:
ansible-vault edit filename.yaml
This command will prompt you for the password before opening the file in your default text editor.
Viewing Encrypted Content If you need to view the contents of an encrypted file without editing it, use:
ansible-vault view filename.yaml
Again, you’ll need to provide the correct password to view the file’s contents.
Changing the Encryption Password To change the password of an encrypted file, use:
ansible-vault rekey filename.yaml
You’ll be prompted to enter the current password and then the new password.
Using Encrypted Files in Playbooks
When using encrypted files in your Ansible playbooks, you need to provide the vault password at runtime. There are several ways to do this:
- Prompt for Password: Use the
--ask-vault-pass
option when running your playbook:
ansible-playbook playbook.yml --ask-vault-pass
- Password File: Store the vault password in a file and reference it using the
--vault-password-file
option:
ansible-playbook playbook.yml --vault-password-file /path/to/vault_pass.txt
- Environment Variable: Set the
ANSIBLE_VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE
environment variable to point to your password file.
Best Practices
When using Ansible Vault, consider the following best practices:
- Use strong, unique passwords for each encrypted file.
- Avoid storing vault passwords in version control systems.
- Regularly rotate vault passwords, especially in production environments.
- Use different vault passwords for different environments (development, staging, production).
- Limit access to vault passwords to only those who absolutely need it.
By leveraging Ansible Vault, you can significantly enhance the security of your automation workflows, ensuring that sensitive data remains protected throughout your infrastructure management processes.